Dactylopius opuntiae [Cockerell] Could Be a Source of Antioxidants for the Preservation of Beef Patties.

Dactylopius opuntiae is an insect pest that contains at least carminic acid, which has antioxidant properties. Since there is a relationship between the antioxidant ability and preservative action of compounds applied to meat products, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity and usefulness of a D. opuntiae extract for beef patty preservation. The insects were bred and processed to obtain a liquid extract. For the extract, its carminic acid content, antioxidant activity against two free radicals, and actions on food quality parameters were determined. The D. opuntiae dry powder contained 2.91% w/w carminic acid, while the liquid extract exhibited an IC50 value of 3437.8 ± 67.8 and 19633.0 ± 674.5 µg/mL against the DPPH and ABTS radicals. Nevertheless, these antioxidant actions were lower than those found in a D. coccus extract. The D. opuntiae extract improved in a short time the redness and yellowness, eliminated the unfavorable effect of their vehicle on the MetMb level, and greatly reduced the TBARS formation. For the first time, an extract of D. opuntiae was applied to beef patties, and its beneficial antioxidant action on meat acceptance parameters was confirmed, which has potential commercial applications.

Analgesic Efficacy and Safety of Tapentadol Immediate Release in Bunionectomy: A Meta-Analysis.

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the analgesic effect of different doses of tapentadol immediate release (IR) and its adverse effects after a bunionectomy. Pubmed, Cochrane, Lilacs, Medline, and Imbiomed were used to identify abstracts of scientific publications related to the keywords of this systematic review (PROSPERO ID CRD42023437295). Moreover, the risk of bias in all included articles was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. Data on the sum of pain intensity, total pain relief, global assessment, and adverse effects were extracted. The statistical method of inverse variance with means difference was used to evaluate the numerical data and the Mantel-Haenszel and Odd Ratio test to analyze the dichotomous data. In addition, the number needed to treat, the number needed to harm, and the 95% confidence intervals were calculated. A qualitative evaluation (n = 2381) was carried out according to the conclusions of the authors. Tapentadol (n = 1772) was more effective in relieving postoperative pain than the placebo (n = 609) after a bunionectomy. In addition, the analgesic efficacy of IR tapentadol (n = 1323) versus the placebo (n = 390) was evaluated in a total of 1713 patients using a global evaluation of the treatments. All three doses of IR tapentadol showed better results compared to the placebo after a bunionectomy. Finally, the adverse effects have a direct relationship with the dose, and the greatest number of adverse effects are most observed with tapentadol IR 100 mg (n = 2381). It is concluded that tapentadol IR (100 mg) leads to the best satisfaction score in this meta-analysis.

Isobolographic analysis of the ciprofloxacin-gentamicin combination against beta-lactamase-producing Staphylococcus aureus.

BACKGROUND: Bacterial multi-resistance is a serious global problem that continues to worsen over time due to multiple factors. Among these factors, it is important to highlight the clinical misuse of antibiotics and the mechanisms that microorganisms have developed to protect themselves from these drugs. In this sense, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a pathogen that has found a way to resist many of the drugs currently in use, so infections by this bacterium represent a serious clinical problem. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the type of interaction between ciprofloxacin and gentamicin against beta-lactamase-producing S. aureus using isobolographic analysis. METHODS: Ciprofloxacin (0.5-0.05 mg/mL) and gentamicin (10-1 mg/mL) were used to make concentration-dependent curves for each individual drug. Thereafter, the 50 inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) of each drug was obtained, and different proportions of the ciprofloxacin-gentamicin combination-0.5:0.5, 0.8:0.2, 0.2:0.8, 0.9:0.1, 0.1:0.9, 0.95:0.05, and 0.05:0.95-were evaluated. The isobolographic analysis and the interaction index were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The isobolographic evaluation of the combination showed that the ratios 0.5:0.5, 0.8:0.2, 0.2:0.8, and 0.9:0.1 produced a synergistic anti-staphylococcal effect, and the 0.95:0.05 ratio induced an additive antibacterial effect. Finally, the 0.1:0.9 and 0.05:0.95 ratios of the combination presented antagonistic effects against S. aureus. On the other hand, the interaction index showed similar results to the isobolographic analysis. CONCLUSION: The isobolographic results of this in vitro assay show that the ciprofloxacin-gentamicin combination induces synergistic, additive, and antagonistic antimicrobial effects against S. aureus.

Correlation between salivary biomarkers and plaque-induced gingivitis exacerbated by pregnancy

Objetive: To evaluate the correlation between salivary biomarkers (the salivary antioxidant ability, salivary level of polyphenols, and other antioxidants) with plaque-induced gingivitis exacerbated by pregnancy in pregnant and nonpregnant women. Material and Methods: For this observational study, medical records, dental examinations, and analyses of saliva samples were carried out in pregnant and nonpregnant women. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The pregnant women (n =17) exhibited a lower antioxidant capacity (p-value=0.0041), higher levels of polyphenols, gingival index, bleeding on probing, and subjects consuming mineral-enriched products (p-value from <0.0001 to 0.0466), and unchanged levels of phosphotungstic acid reactive substances, proteins, oral hygienic habits, plaque index and probing depth (p-value from 0.0683 to 0.8358), in comparison with the nonpregnant women (n=9). Also, a positive correlation between the gingival index and salivary polyphenol content was observed (r-value = 0.4087, p-value = 0.0202). Conclusion: The salivary polyphenols correlate with plaque-induced gingivitis exacerbated by pregnancy, suggesting a deficiency of salivary antioxidant protection.

Objetivo: Evaluar la correlación entre los biomarcadores salivales (la capacidad antioxidante salival, el nivel salival de polifenoles y otros antioxidantes) con la gingivitis inducida por placa exacerbada por el embarazo en mujeres embarazadas y no embarazadas. Material y Métodos: Para este estudio observacional, se realizaron registros médicos, exámenes dentales y análisis de muestras de saliva en mujeres embarazadas y no embarazadas. Se consideró significativo un valor de p<0,05. Resultados: Las gestantes (n=17) presentaron menor capacidad antioxidante (p=0,0041), mayores niveles de polifenoles, índice gingival, sangrado al sondaje y los sujetos que consumían productos enriquecidos con minerales (p<0,0001 a p<0,0466), y no hubo diferencias en los niveles de sustancias reactivas al ácido fosfotúngstico, proteínas, hábitos de higiene bucal, índice de placa y profundidad de sondaje (p=0,0683 a 0,8358), en comparación con las mujeres no embarazadas (n=19). Además, se observó una correlación positiva entre el índice gingival y elcontenido de polifenoles salivales (r = 0,4087, p= 0,0202). Conclusión: Los polifenoles salivales se correlacionan con la gingivitis inducida por placa y exacerbada por el embarazo, lo que sugiere una deficiencia de protección antioxidante salival.

Evaluación del Efecto de un Gel con Arginina sobre el PH y Flujo Salival

RESUMEN: Se evaluó el efecto de un gel con arginina sobre el pH y flujo salival después de un uso de catorce días en mujeres con desmineralización dental leve. Se estableció un piloto de ensayo clínico controladoen el cual fueron incluidas 20 mujeres de 18 -23 años, sistémicamente sanas y con al menos un órgano dental con desmineralización ICDAS 3, dos grupos: Grupo A / sin arginina (N=10) y Grupo B/ con arginina (N=10). Se realizó una evaluación clínica y toma de una muestra de saliva no estimulada para la determinación del pH, y la medición del flujo salival al inicio y 15 días posterior a la utilización del gel. Se realizó el análisis estadístico con el programa GraphPadPrism versión 8. Una p<0,05 fue considerado como estadísticamente significativo. En ambos grupos se mantuvo el pH salival cercano a la neutralidad sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas y el flujo salival permaneció en valores normales tras la utilización del gel durante 14 días, aunque se observaron diferencias estadísticas significativas en la comparación inter-grupo. La utilización de un gel con arginina durante 14 días mantuvo el pH neutro y el flujo salival en niveles normales sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas con el grupo control.

ABSTRACT: The effect of an arginine gel on pH and salivary flow was evaluated after fourteen days of use in women with mild demineralization. A controlled pilot clinical trial was established in which 20 women aged 18-23 years, systemically healthy and with at least one dental organ with demineralization ICDAS 3 were included, two groups: Group A / without arginine (N = 10) and Group B / with arginine (N = 10). A clinical evaluation was carried out, and a sample of unstimulated saliva was taken to determine the pH and the measurement of salivary flow at the beginning and 15 days after using the gel. Statistical analysis was performed with the GraphPad Prism version 8 program. A p <0.05 was considered statistically significant. In both groups, salivary pH was maintained close to neutrality without statistically significant differences, and salivary flow remained at normal values after using the hydrogel for 14 days, although statistically significant differences were observed in the intergroup comparison. Using a gel with arginine for 14 days kept the neutral pH and salivary flow at normal levels without statistically significant differences from the control group.

Do fluoroquinolone agents produce therapeutic benefits or harmful effects in patients with periodontitis? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The adjunctive use of fluoroquinolone (FQ) agents in patients with periodontitis produces contradictory results. There has been no meta-analysis performed based on the evaluations of FQ use that would enable making appropriate clinical decisions. Our study aimed to evaluate, via a systematic review and metaanalysis conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, the clinical benefits, antimicrobial effects and safety profiles of the FQ agents administered to periodontitis patients under a conventional treatment regime. Relevant databases were searched for studies published up to May 2020, with the quality and risk of bias evaluations performed on the selected studies, and meta-analyses, funnel plots and heterogeneity tests carried out based on the obtained data. Any finding of p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Quality and the risk of bias ranged from high to low. With acceptable heterogeneity and no reporting bias, the meta-analyses showed that local or systemic FQ use produced the following results: a reduced probing depth change (ΔPD) (p < 0.00001 at ≤3 months); reduced bleeding on probing (BOP) (p < 0.00001 at 3-6 months); reduced subgingival detection of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans for up to 12 months (p-values from <0.00001 to 0.001); and an insignificant number of adverse events (p ≥ 0.05) in patients subjected to a conventional therapy as compared to those subjected to an antibiotic-free therapy. Our study found evidence to show that FQ administration provides clinical benefits and ensures antibacterial effects in periodontitis patients subjected to a conventional therapy regime.

In vitro and In vivo Synergistic Interactions of the Flavonoid Rutin with Paracetamol and with Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs.

AIM/BACKGROUND: The combination of drugs with different mechanisms of action could be more effective due to an enhanced synergistic activity. The pharmacological interactions between rutin and paracetamol, and rutin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as naproxen, ketorolac, and diclofenac were investigated using in vitro and in vivo assays. METHODS: Individual and drug combination response curves of rutin-NSAIDs, and rutin-paracetamol (each at 0.001-0.1 mmol for in vitro studies and ranging from 1.25-100 mg/kg p.o. for in vivo studies) were evaluated in RAW 264.7 macrophages [inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) using the Griess reagent] and Balb/c mice (acetic acid-induced writhing test). An isobolographic analysis was used to assess the type of interaction between rutin and NSAIDs and rutin-paracetamol in a proportion of 1:1. RESULTS: Rutin alone and in combination with paracetamol and NSAIDs decreased NO production and the number of writhings in a concentration/dose-dependent manner. The isobolograms showed that all in vitro combinations of rutin-NSAIDs and rutin-paracetamol exerted synergistic effects. The combination rutin-diclofenac showed an interaction index of 0.17. In the in vivo assay, the combinations of rutin-diclofenac (interaction index = 0.195) and rutin-ketorolac (interaction index = 0.408) displayed synergistic effects, and the combination rutin-paracetamol exhibited additive effects. CONCLUSION: Rutin produces synergistic effects with paracetamol and NSAIDs in in vitro and in vivo assays.

Anti-inflammatory and diuretic effects of the diterpene ent-dihydrotucumanoic acid.

Gymnosperma glutinosum (Spreng) Less (Asteraceae) is a shrub used in traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammatory and renal diseases. The ent-dihydrotucumanoic acid (DTA) is a diterpene obtained from G. glutinosum. This study evaluated the antioxidant, genotoxic, and diuretic properties of DTA, as well as its in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory actions. The antioxidant actions of DTA were assessed with the 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays, the genotoxic action was assessed with the comet assay, and the diuretic effects of DTA were assessed using metabolic cages. The anti-inflammatory actions were evaluated using primary murine peritoneal macrophages stimulated with LPS and the λ-carrageenan-induced hind paw edema test. DTA lacked antioxidant (IC50 > 25,000 µg/mL) activity in the ABTS, FRAP, and DPPH assays. DTA at 500-1,000 µg/mL showed moderate genotoxicity. In LPS-stimulated macrophages, DTA showed IC50 values of 74.85 µg/mL (TNF-α) and 58.12 µg/mL (NO), whereas the maximum inhibition of IL-6 (24%) and IL-1ß (36%) was recorded at 200 µg/mL. DTA induced in vivo anti-inflammatory effects with ED50 = 124.3 mg/kg. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of DTA seems to be associated with the decrease in the release of TNF-α and NO. DTA promoted the excretion of urine (ED50 = 86.9 mg/kg), Na+ (ED50 = 66.7 mg/kg), and K+ (ED50 = 8.6 mg/kg). The coadministration of DTA with L-NAME decreased the urinary excretion shown by DTA alone. Therefore, the diuretic activity is probably associated with the participation of nitric oxide synthase. In conclusion, DTA exerted anti-inflammatory and diuretic effects, but lacked antioxidant effects.

Diuretic activity and neuropharmacological effects of an ethanol extract from Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (Fabaceae).

Ethnopharmacological relevance Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (Fabaceae) is a shrub empirically used as diuretic, and for the treatment of neurological disorders. These pharmacological effects have not been previously evaluated. AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the diuretic and CNS effects of a standardized ethanol extract of Senna septemtrionalis aerial parts (SSE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Gas chromatography mass spectrometry was used to perform a chemical analysis with SSE. In all tests, SSE was evaluated from 10 to 100 mg/kg p.o. The diuretic activity of SSE was assessed in mice individually placed in metabolic cages. After 6 h, the urine volume and the electrolyte excretion (Na and K) were measured. The role of prostaglandins and nitric oxide was assessed administrating mice with indomethacin and N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), prior the administration of 100 mg/kg SSE. The sedative effects of SSE were analyzed with the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time test. The effects of SSE on motor coordination in mice were evaluated with the rotarod test. The antidepressant-like activity of SSE was analyzed with the forced swimming test (FST) and the tail suspension test (TST). The role of 5-HT2 receptor, α1-and α2-adrenoceptors, or muscarinic receptors was assessed administrating mice with cyproheptadine, prazosin, yohimbine, and atropine, respectively, prior the administration of 100 mg/kg SSE in the FST. The anxiolytic-like activity of SSE (10-100 mg/kg p.o.) was assessed using the light-dark test (LDB), the elevated plus maze test (EPM), the cylinder exploratory test, and the open field test (OFT). The anticonvulsant effect of SSE (1-100 mg/kg) was evaluated in mice administered with different convulsant agents: strychnine, pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), isoniazid (INH) or yohimbine. RESULTS: The main compound found in SSE was D-pinitol (42.2%). SSE (100 mg/kg) increased the urinary volume (2.67-fold), as well as the excretion of Na (5.60-fold) and K (7.2-fold). The co-administration of SSE with L-NAME or indomethacin reverted the diuretic activity shown by SSE alone. SSE lacked sedative effects and did not affect motor coordination in mice. SSE (100 mg/kg) showed higher and similar antidepressant-like effect, compared to 20 mg/kg fluoxetine, in the FST and TST, respectively. The co-administration of SSE with yohimbine reverted the antidepressant-like activity shown by SSE alone. SSE (100 mg/kg) showed anxiolytic-like activity in the four models of anxiety, with similar activity with 1.5 mg/kg clonazepam. The seizure-protective effect of SSE was ED50 = 73.9 ±â€¯8.4 mg/kg (INH) and 40.4 ±â€¯5.2 mg/kg (yohimbine). CONCLUSION: The diuretic effects of SSE involve the possible contribution of prostaglandins and nitric oxide. SSE showed moderate anxiolytic and anticonvulsant effects, whereas the participation of α2-adrenoceptors is probably associated in the antidepressant-like effects of SSE.

Infection, Alveolar Osteitis, and Adverse Effects Using Metronidazole in Healthy Patients Undergoing Third Molar Surgery: A Meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the risk of surgical infection, alveolar osteitis, and adverse effects using systemic metronidazole in comparison with placebo in healthy patients undergoing third molar surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The eligible reports were identified from diverse science sources. Clinical trials meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria and an acceptable Oxford Quality Score were included in this study. The evaluation of risk was done using the Risk Reduction Calculator and Review Manager 5.3., from the Cochrane Library. A significant risk reduction was assumed when the upper limit of the 95% confidence intervals was <1 and the lower limit did not cross zero (negative number) alongside a p value of <0.05 for the overall test. Data of 667 patients from five clinical trials were used for the assessment of risk. RESULTS: Our analysis showed no reduction of the risk of infection or dry socket in patients receiving metronidazole compared to whom took placebo. Meanwhile, the adverse effects did not exhibit a difference between the studied groups. CONCLUSION: The routine use of systemic metronidazole to prevent surgical site infection and/or dry socket in healthy patients undergoing third molar surgery is not recommended.

Bacterial resistance and failure of clinical cure could be produced by oxidative stress in patients with diabetes or cardiovascular diseases during fluoroquinolone therapy.

Fluoroquinolone agents are used widely for the treatment of infectious diseases which are a common cause of deaths around the world. The level of oxidative stress in patients taking fluoroquinolone antibiotics has not been considered a factor to reduce the clinical efficacy of this kind of drugs. Patients with diabetes and/or cardiovascular diseases present abnormal levels of oxidative stress in the blood stream. In this regards, our hypothesis supposes that patients with diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease suffering a bacterial disease could experience a therapeutic failure and bacterial resistance when treated with fluoroquinolones. The crucial mechanism could be an inefficient blood distribution of the drug via red blood cell dysfunction induced by oxidative stress that might reduce the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodinamic ratios. In this way, we review the scientific information to support our hypothesis alongside possible implications. Additionally, this work exhibits the urgent need of studies considering these conditions for quinolone agents.

Synergism between Naproxen and Rutin in a Mouse Model of Visceral Pain.

Preclinical Research The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antinociceptive interaction between naproxen and the glycoside flavonoid, rutin in the acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice. Naproxen (5, 20, 50, and 100 mg/kg p.o.) or rutin (10, 25, 50, and 100mg/kg p.o.) were administered 60 min before the intraperitoneal administration with acetic acid. The dose-response curve of each individual compound and the experimental effective dose 50 (ED50 ) value were obtained to determinate different proportions of the combinations between the two compounds (naproxen-rutin 1:1, 3:1, and 3:1) in the writhing test. The results indicated a synergistic antinociceptive interaction between two drugs with different mechanism of action, naproxen and rutin in all the combinations. Drug Dev Res 78 : 184-188, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Measurement of levofloxacin in human plasma samples for a reliable and accessible drug monitoring.

OBJECTIVES: Levofloxacin monitoring is recommended to obtain clinical cure and low incidence of antimicrobial resistance. During the monitoring procedure, levofloxacin should be measured in plasma samples and several assays are reported for this purpose. However, those methods do not have all of the characteristics for an accessible and reliable drug monitoring. For this reason, we develop a method that has all of the essential characteristics for levofloxacin monitoring. DESIGN AND METHODS: The procedure of validation was done in terms of Food and Drug Administration guidelines. Subsequently, our assay was applied in plasma samples obtained from healthy volunteers with a single oral administration of levofloxacin as well as patients with respiratory diseases under levofloxacin therapy. RESULTS: Levofloxacin was extracted from samples using only two precipitation steps. Our assay had a rapid run time (5min), adequate sensitivity (0.05µg/ml of lower limit of quantification), and acceptable parameters of validation. Moreover, compound identities were supported using three dimensional spectra and purities were confirmed employing similarity factors (values>900). Variable concentrations of levofloxacin in samples were observed during the application. CONCLUSIONS: Levofloxacin is successfully quantified using our method that shows reliable results, appropriate range, rapid analyses, and cost-effective measurements under a simple and easy technique while all prior methods did not have it all together. Consequently, our method is a valuable tool for routine drug monitoring. Moreover, a complete evaluation of specificity was done for levofloxacin in plasma samples for the first time. Meanwhile, the application data supported the necessity of levofloxacin monitoring.

[Antibacterial and antifungal activity of Salvia apiana against clinically important microorganisms]. / Actividad antibacteriana y antifúngica de un extracto de Salvia apiana frente a microorganismos de importancia clínica.

Due to the great global concern regarding bacterial resistance to antibiotics, an ongoing search for new molecules having antibacterial activity is necessary. This study evaluated the antibacterial and anticandidal effects of a hexane extract from the root of Salvia apiana. Salvia extracts at concentrations of 27, 13.5, 6.8 and 3.4mg/ml caused growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. However, no significant effect was observed on Escherichia coli and Candida tropicalis in comparison to vehicle. It was here demonstrated for the first time that Salvia apiana has an important antimicrobial effect on human pathogens of great clinical value, thus opening the field to continue the evaluation of this lamiaceous plant for its future use as a therapeutic agent.

Actividad antibacteriana y antifúngica de un extracto de Salvia apiana frente a microorganismos de importancia clínica / Antibacterial and antifungal activity of Salvia apiana against clinically important microorganisms

Debido a la gran problemática mundial de la resistencia bacteriana a los antibióticos, es necesaria la búsqueda continua de nuevas moléculas con características antimicrobianas. Este estudio evaluó el efecto antibacteriano y antifúngico de un extracto hexánico proveniente de la raíz de Salvia apiana. Los extractos de salvia a las concentraciones de 27; 13,5; 6,8 y 3,4mg/ml causaron inhibición del crecimiento de Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis y Candida albicans. Sin embargo, no presentaron efecto significativo sobre Escherichia coli y Candida tropicalis al compararse con los valores del vehículo en las valoraciones de difusión en pozo. Se demostró que S. apiana tiene un efecto antimicrobiano significativo sobre patógenos de gran importancia clínica, lo que abre el campo para continuar evaluando a esta lamiácea en vistas a su posible empleo en el futuro como un agente terapéutico

Due to the great global concern regarding bacterial resistance to antibiotics, an ongoing search for new molecules having antibacterial activity is necessary. This study evaluated the antibacterial and anticandidal effects of a hexane extract from the root of Salvia apiana. Salvia extracts at concentrations of 27, 13.5, 6.8 and 3.4mg/ml caused growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. However, no significant effect was observed on Escherichia coli and Candida tropicalis in comparison to vehicle. It was here demonstrated for the first time that Salvia apiana has an important antimicrobial effect on human pathogens of great clinical value, thus opening the field to continue the evaluation of this lamiaceous plant for its future use as a therapeutic agent

Isobolographic Analysis of the Interaction Between Tapentadol and Ketorolac in a Mouse Model of Visceral Pain.

Preclinical Research The aim of this experimental assay was to assess the antinociceptive interaction between tapentadol and ketorolac in the acetic acid-induced writhing model in mice. Tapentadol (5.62-31.6 mg/kg ip) or ketorolac (5.62-31.6 mg/kg ip) were administered 15 min before the acetic acid administration. The ED50 values of the individual drugs were determined and different proportions (tapentadol-ketorolac in 1:1, 3:1, and 1:3) were assayed in combination in the writhing test. Isobolographic analysis and the interaction index demonstrated an antinociceptive synergistic interaction between tapentadol and ketorolac in all combination. Thus, the experimental ED50 values were lower when compared with their theoretical ED50 values. These data suggest that the tapentadol-ketorolac combination produces an antinociceptive synergistic interaction in the mouse acetic acid-induced writhing model. Drug Dev Res 77 : 187-191, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Single dose of diclofenac or meloxicam for control of pain, facial swelling, and trismus in oral surgery

BACKGROUND: Postoperative pain associated with removal of mandibular third molars has been documented from moderate to severe during the first 24 hours after surgery, with pain peaking between 6 and 8 hours when a conventional local anesthetic is used. Dental pain is largely inflammatory, and evidence-based medicine has shown that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the best analgesics for dental pain. The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-trismus effect of a single dose of diclofenac and meloxicam after mandibular third molar extraction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 36 patients were randomized into two treatment groups, each with 18 patients, using a series of random numbers: Group A, was administered 100 mg of diclofenac; and Group B, 15 mg of meloxicam. Drugs were administered orally 1 hour prior to surgery. We evaluated pain intensity, analgesic consumption, swelling, as well as trismus. RESULTS: The results of this study showed that patients receiving 15 mg of meloxicam had less postoperative pain (P=0.04) and better aperture than those receiving 100 mg of diclofenac (P=0.03). The meloxicam group presented less swelling than diclofenac group; however, significant statistical differences were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: Data of this double-blind, randomized, parallel-group clinical trial demonstrated that patients receiving 15 mg of preoperative meloxicam had a better postoperative analgesia and anti-trismus effect compared with who were given 100 mg of diclofenac after third molar extractions

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Single dose of diclofenac or meloxicam for control of pain, facial swelling, and trismus in oral surgery.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative pain associated with removal of mandibular third molars has been documented from moderate to severe during the first 24 hours after surgery, with pain peaking between 6 and 8 hours when a conventional local anesthetic is used. Dental pain is largely inflammatory, and evidence-based medicine has shown that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the best analgesics for dental pain. The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-trismus effect of a single dose of diclofenac and meloxicam after mandibular third molar extraction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 36 patients were randomized into two treatment groups, each with 18 patients, using a series of random numbers: Group A, was administered 100 mg of diclofenac; and Group B, 15 mg of meloxicam. Drugs were administered orally 1 hour prior to surgery. We evaluated pain intensity, analgesic consumption, swelling, as well as trismus. RESULTS: The results of this study showed that patients receiving 15 mg of meloxicam had less postoperative pain (P=0.04) and better aperture than those receiving 100 mg of diclofenac (P=0.03). The meloxicam group presented less swelling than diclofenac group; however, significant statistical differences were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: Data of this double-blind, randomized, parallel-group clinical trial demonstrated that patients receiving 15 mg of preoperative meloxicam had a better postoperative analgesia and anti-trismus effect compared with who were given 100 mg of diclofenac after third molar extractions.